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The Canadian Siberian Expeditionary Force (also referred to as the Canadian Expeditionary Force (Siberia) or simply C.S.E.F.) was a Canadian military force sent to Vladivostok, Russia, during the Russian Revolution to bolster the allied presence, oppose the Bolshevik revolution and attempt to keep Russia in the fighting against Germany. Composed of 4,192 soldiers and authorised in August 1918, the force returned to Canada between April and June 1919. The force was commanded by Major General James H. Elmsley. During this time, the C.S.E.F. saw little fighting, with fewer than 100 troops proceeding "up country" to Omsk, to serve as administrative staff for 1,500 British troops aiding the anti-Bolshevik White Russian government of Admiral Alexander Kolchak. Most Canadians remained in Vladivostok, undertaking routine drill and policing duties in the volatile port city.〔(Benjamin Isitt, From Victoria to Vladivostok: Canada's Siberian Expedition, 1917-19 (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2010) ).〕 The Marine Cemetery in Vladivostok, a Commonwealth War Graves Commission site, contains the graves of 14 Canadians alongside British, French, Czecho-Slovak and Japanese troops who died during the Siberian Intervention and a monument to Allied soldiers buried in various locations in Siberia. The Commonwealth portion of the cemetery was neglected during the Soviet era; a Canadian naval vessel restored the cemetery in the 1990s.〔St. Andrew's College Highland Cadet Corps, (Andreans Who Served in Russia in the Canadian Siberian Expeditionary Force and Northern Russian Expeditionary Force ).〕 In 1996 a Canadian squadron of warships visited Vladivostok. During the visit sailors from , assisted by members of the Russian Navy, replaced headstones and generally repaired the graves of Canadians buried in a local cemetery. ==Background== (詳細はthe Armistice in the fall of 1918, there was a genuine concern that military supplies would be used - directly or indirectly - by the Germans, and that access to the natural resources of the Russian Far East (over the Trans-Siberian Railway) could tilt the outcome of the battles on the Western Front. There was outright hostility to the Bolsheviks, particularly on the part of Winston Churchill, and national trade and (perceived) economic interests on the part of each of the governments. The case of the Czechoslovak prisoners of war, who had been offered safe passage by the Soviet government and then threatened with internment in "concentration camps" aroused sympathy on the part of many governments, particularly the United States. When the Czech troops attempted to battle their way out of Russia - eventually controlling much of the Trans-Siberian railway - various Western governments chose to intervene. Canadian involvement in the Siberian campaign was to a significant degree driven by the policy of Canadian Prime Minister Robert Borden towards the United Kingdom. As a dominion, Canada was neither a full-fledged member of the Entente, nor simply a colony. Borden's arguments for Canada's involvement "had little to do with Siberia per se, and much to do with adding to the British government's sense of obligation to their imperial junior partner."〔P. Whitney Lackenbauer, University of Waterloo (Why Siberia? Canadian Foreign Policy and Siberian Intervention, 1918-19 ).〕 According to Gaddis Smith, Canadian intervention "represents the initial episode in the Canadian struggle for complete control over her foreign policy after World War I. As such, it illustrates the changing relationships within the British Empire more realistically than the scores of constitutional documents that the Commonwealth statesmen self-consciously drafted between 1917 and 1931."〔Gaddis Smith, (Canada and the Siberian Intervention, 1918-1919 ), The American Historical Review, Vol. 64, No. 4 (Jul., 1959), pp. 866-877.〕 Domestically, the Siberian expedition was presented to the public as a trade and economic opportunity. After the Armistice, however, domestic opinion turned against foreign involvement, particularly with conscript troops. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Canadian Siberian Expeditionary Force」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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